Open Access movement
Open Access
free, universal and permanent access to digital documents
disseminating scientific data
The Open Access movement has been constantly developing since the nineties of the twentieth century and takes steps to ensure free, universal and sustainable access to scientific publications. To get this goal, access must be free of charge and without technical restrictions. Thanks to this, each Internet user can read, download, copy, print and use these materials for scientific or teaching purposes under applicable law, without the need to install specialized software or register in the system. It is the responsibility of the open access user to attach information about the authors and the source to the copy of text and to make work that based on it available, also on the basis of open access.
In the first years of operation, the idea of Open Access concerned mainly articles from scientific journals. Currently, the term Open Access refers to the sharing of all forms of published research results, including articles, conference papers, monographs, book chapters, as well as software and multimedia.
Features of open access publication
- the content of the publication is widely and free of charge available on the Internet;
- the author or copyright owner grants all users the right to use, copy or distribute the publication for an unlimited period, provided information about the author and source is provided;
- publications are deposited, in full and in an appropriate electronic form, in at least one repository bound by open access.
Why Open Access
Reasons that Open Access movement developed is the advancement of science and a number of benefits for researchers, users and societies.
Open access helps researchers by opening access to publications that their libraries do not subscribe to and allows access for the general public, which may be a response to the problem of limitations in access to knowledge resulting from social inequalities.
Open Access:
- facilitates and accelerates research
- stimulates further discovery and innovation
- allows to create new analyzes and interpretations
- affects the verifiability and reliability of information
- may contribute to the increase citation rates of publications
Open Access extends range of accessing to content beyond the academic circle, and thus popularizes knowledge that can be reached by scientists, researchers, as well as journalist, officials or citizens interested in the subject.
Open access to research is important for the public opinion, mainly due to the fact that most research is financed by taxpayers as subsidies from public money.
Therefore, increasingly universities and research funding agencies expect open access to the research results they subsidize. The result of these expectations is so-called Open access mandate, i.e. a legal obligation for researchers to publish their work in OA.
As part of this policy, an increasing number of universities provide institutional repositories where researchers can deposit, store and share their research, and the research community increasingly recognizes the need to raise awareness and promote open access.
“Open Access” in Open Access
Open Access models
Authors of scientific texts wishing to share the results of their research in the Open Access model by placing them in repositories should be familiar with the legal issues related to open publishing. It is worth remembering that when signing an agreement with a publisher, it is worth ensuring that the rights to the work are preserved, which will enable them to be made available in Open Access, and that you read the licenses that determine the conditions for making the work available.
Open Access models due to the right to re-use:
- Free Open Access - free access to content that can only be read or used for fair private use.
- Libre Open Access - free access to content with the right to re-use (modify or commercially use), provided by publication under Creative Commons licenses.
Open Access models due to way of publication:
- Gold Open Access - publishing articles in open journals. The journal provides open access to all articles on its website without technological and financial barriers and legal (under open licenses or as part of free open access). This often involves charging authors fees.
- Green Open Access - when the approved manuscript versions (author's accepted manuscript or version of record) can be deposited in the repository and available to the public either before or immediately after the publication of an article, book or chapter in a book by a publishing house. The possibility of direct sharing of texts in an open repository by authors depends on the publisher's policy, which often requires e.g. temporary embargo (depositing the text in the repository is possible after some time from the date of publication in the journal).
- Diamond Open Access (also known as a Platinum Open Access) - a model similar to a golden road. However, with gold open access, the author (or their funding institution or agency) usually has to pay a publication fee to get the article published. In diamond open access, they don't have to pay, so the process is completely free of charges to both authors and readers.
Creative Commons licence
Creative Commons is an American non-governmental organization that has created its own licensing system and is still developing it.
- Creative Commons licenses are created to facilitate the sharing of copyrighted works on the web. These are ready-made license agreement templates. From the creator's point of view, the use of a license consists in marking one's work with it, which is the same as granting each recipient of the work permission to use it to the extent specified in the license.
- Licenses are free and non-exclusive, i.e. they are binding on everyone who uses them from the song available on them, without time and territorial limits.
- All Creative Commons licenses contain a basic condition that obliges each user to respect the personal rights of the author and indications of the source of the work. In addition, the author may specify other conditions for using the work.
Creative Commons allows the use of six main licenses. Due to the degree of openness, we can distinguish free (1,2) and open (3-6) licenses. All information about the following licences provided from the CC web https://creativecommons.org/
1 CC BY
This licence allows re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
CC BY includes the following elements: BY – Credit must be given to the creator
2 CC BY-SA
This licence allows re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.
CC BY-SA includes the following elements: BY – Credit must be given to the creator, SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms.
3 CC BY-NC
This licence allows re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
It includes the following elements: BY – Credit must be given to the creator, NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted.
4 CC BY-ND
This licence allows re-users to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
CC BY-ND includes the following elements: BY – Credit must be given to the creator, ND – No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted
5 CC BY-NC-SA
This licence allows re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.
CC BY-NC-SA includes the following elements: BY – Credit must be given to the creator, NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms.
6 CC BY-NC-ND
This licence allows re-users to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadopted form only, for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
CC BY-NC-ND includes the following elements: BY – Credit must be given to the creator, NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, ND – No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted.
7 Mechanism Creative Commons Zero
Przekazanie do Domeny Publicznej (CC O) - (aka CC Zero) is a public dedication tool, which allows creators to give up their copyright and put their works into the worldwide public domain. CC0 allows re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, with no conditions.
Plan S
Plan S is a set of guidelines for open access to scientific publications. It was developed by cOAlition S, an initiative of research funding agencies and foundations supported by the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC).
The goal of Plan S is to ensure that, from 2021, all scientific publications created with funds from public or non-public grants are published in open journals, on open platforms or are immediately made available in open repositories without a time embargo.
- Plan S – original document in English (on the cOAlition S website)
- Journal Checker Tool (JCT) – a tool for checking the compliance of scientific journals and publication platforms with Plan S
Open Access Publishing
We encourage everybody to read the online resources that can be helpful in planning open access scientific publications.
- DOAJ database (Directory of Open Access Journals) allows you to search for open, peer-reviewed scientific journals from around the world.
- Think. Check. Submit. service can be of assistance in assessing the quality of the selected journal.
- Publishers' OA publishing and article archiving policies can be checked using Sherpa Romeo.
- The Open Research Europeplatform is an open access publishing place for beneficiaries of Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe.
The Cracow University of Economics participates in the open publishing programs of:
- Cambridge University Press
- Elsevier
- Emerald
- Springer
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